REFERENCES:
1. Straub RH, Weidler C, Demmel B, Herrmann M, Kees F, Schmidt M, Schölmerich J, Schedel J. Renal clearance and daily excretion of cortisol and adrenal androgens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Aug;63(8):961-8. PMID: 15249323
2. Härle P, Pongratz G, Weidler C, Büttner R, Schölmerich J, Straub RH.Possible role of leptin in hypoandrogenicity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Jul;63(7):809-16. PMID: 15194576
3. Kozora E, Laudenslager M, Lemieux A, West SG. Inflammatory and hormonal measures predict neuropsychological functioning in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2001 Sep;7(6):745-54. PMID: 11575596
4. Vogl D, Falk W, Dorner M, Schölmerich J, Straub RH. Serum levels of pregnenolone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: relation to other adrenal hormones. J Rheumatol. 2003 Feb;30(2):269-75. PMID: 12563679
5. ranges:
LabCorp Test 004697 March 09
| Normal DHEA-S ranges |
| Age | Male
(μg/dL) | Female
(μg/dL) |
| 1-7 mo | 91-376 | 73-376 |
| 8-15 mo | 37-224 | 44-247 |
| 1-3 y | <30 | <79 |
| 4-6 y | <186 | <38 |
| 7-8 y | <94 | <68 |
| 9-10 y | <75 | <160 |
| 11 y | <152 | <98 |
| 12y | <344 | <177 |
| 13 y | <242 | <167 |
| 14 y | <286 | 32-301 |
| 15 y | 59-310 | 39-288 |
| 16 y | 47-357 | 58-354 |
| 17 y | 102-341 | 97-399 |
| 18-19 y | 108-441 | 145-395 |
| 20-29 y | 280-640 | 65-380 |
| 30-39 y | 120-520 | 45-270 |
| 40-49 y | 95-530 | 32-240 |
| 50-59 y | 70-310 | 26-200 |
| 60-69 y | 42-290 | 13-130 |
| >69 y | 28-175 | 17-90 |
Quest Test 402x March 09
| Normal DHEA-S ranges |
| Age | Male
(μg/dL) | Female
(μg/dL) |
| 0-1 mo | ≤316 | 15-261 |
| 1-6 mo | ≤58 | ≤74 |
| 7-12 mo | ≤26 | ≤26 |
| 1-3 y | ≤15 | ≤22 |
| 4-6 y | ≤27 | ≤34 |
| 7-9 y | ≤91 | ≤92 |
| 10-13 y | ≤138 | ≤148 |
| 14-17 | 38-340 | 37-307 |
| 18-29 y | 110-510 | 45-320 |
| 30-39 y | 110-370 | 40-325 |
| 40-49 y | 45-345 | 25-220 |
| 50-59 y | 25-240 | 15-170 |
| 60-69 y | 25-95 | ≤85 |
| 70-90 y | ≤75 | ≤90 |
6. van Vollenhoven RF, Engleman EG, McGuire JL. Dehydroepiandrosterone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Dec;38(12):1826-31. PMID: 8849355
7. Chang DM, Lan JL, Lin HY, Luo SF. Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment of women with mild-to-moderate systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Nov;46(11):2924-7. PMID: 12428233
8. Petri MA, Mease PJ, Merrill JT, et al. Effects of prasterone on disease activity and symptoms in women with active systemic lupus erythematosus Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Sep;50(9):2858-68. PMID: 15452837
9. Petri MA, Lahita RG, Van Vollenhoven RF, Merrill JT, Schiff M, Ginzler EM, Strand V, Kunz A, Gorelick KJ, Schwartz KE; GL601 Study Group. Effects of prasterone on corticosteroid requirements of women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Jul;46(7):1820-9. PMID: 12124866
10. Sánchez-Guerrero J, Fragoso-Loyo HE, Neuwelt CM et al. Effects of prasterone on bone mineral density in women with active systemic lupus erythematosus receiving chronic glucocorticoid therapy. J Rheumatol. 2008 Aug;35(8):1567-75. PMID: 18634158
11. Hartkamp A, Geenen R, Godaert GL, Bijl M, Bijlsma JW, Derksen RH.The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on lumbar spine bone mineral density in patients with quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Nov;50(11):3591-5. PMID: 15529389
12. Weiss EP, Shah K, Fontana L, Lambert CP, Holloszy JO, Villareal DT.Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in older adults: 1- and 2-y effects on bone. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May;89(5):1459-67. PMID: 19321570.
13. Jankowski CM, Gozansky WS, Schwartz RS, Dahl DJ, Kittelson JM, Scott SM, Van Pelt RE, Kohrt WM. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in older adults: a randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Aug;91(8):2986-93. PMID: 16735495
14. Casson PR, Straughn AB, Umstot ES, Abraham GE, Carson SA, Buster JE.
Delivery of dehydroepiandrosterone to premenopausal women: effects of micronization and nonoral administration. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Fe